Using an A15 automatic biochemical analyzer will give you a number of advantages over the use of a semi-automatic:
There are major differences when it comes to the quality that LEDs offer. HEINE has set a new standard which maintains that only the best is good enough, from the selection of materials to processing, from light intensity to dimmability, and from thermal management to a colour rendering index as high as possible.That’s what we call LED in HEINE Quality – or LED HQ.
See the difference for yourself when using a HEINE LED instrument. See the colours as they are during each examination.
A transducer converts a signal in one form of energy to another form of energy. A transducer transmits and receives reflected ultrasound signals that are the primary data source for the creation of ultrasound images. Proprietary transducer technology yields superior clinical ultrasound imaging.
ALPINION’s transducer portfolio includes conventional piezo-ceramic,composite PZT and the latest single crystal materials. Single crystal material produces broadband frequency response and higher sensitivity, permitting its use in harmonic imaging with minimal loss of the acoustic signal. It results in more uniform wide-bandwidth imaging and thus offers higher resolution images to the user.
ALPINION has overcome the historic engineering and application limitations in the processing of delicate and expensive single crystal transducer materials through a unique and proprietary fabrication process. With ALPINION’s high performance single crystal transducer, users acquire broadband images with unparalleled sensitivity.
Through a unique and innovative single crystal transducer processing technology, ALPINION has produced the largest single crystal convex transducer ever fabricated, and the world’s first 3D/4D transducer made with single crystal material.
A single crystal transducer is characterized by a higher energy conversion efficiency and higher sensitivity than conventional piezo-ceramic materials; consequently, single crystal transducers can produce greater uniformity, and stronger penetration.
The attention to ergonomic design extends to the flexible cable and lightweight handle that are standard on all ALPINION transducer products.
Driven by customer requirements, ALPINION has accomplished the following:
• Ergonomic Transducer design with a flexible cable supports pain-free wrist manipulation when imaging.
• LabelingFluorescent labels on the transducer enable users to identity the transducer ID easily under subdued lighting conditions.
• 3D/4D transducersLightweight 3D/4D transducers with improved detail accuracy by overcoming size limitation and manufacturing difficulties.
Crystal Signature™ is characterized by much higher energy conversion efficiency than conventional piezo-ceramic materials, yielding greater uniformity and sensitivity. When combined with unique manufacturing processes, our proprietary Crystal Signature™ technology gives better images while decreasing production costs.
MicroFit™ Technology has resulted in smaller and lightweight transducers with better ergonomics that reduce operator fatigue.
Special attention is paid to the transducer cable, which is the lightest and most flexible in the ultrasound industry, further reducing the strain on the operator. Image quality is preserved under all conditions with the tough and robust connectors, which utilize the latest micro-pinless interconnect technology.
SensitiView™ Technology
The CSA™ generates an enriched purified signal with active electronics from high quality piezo-electric materials.
Endoscopic ear surgery is the latest technique for performing surgical interventions on the hearing organs and is being actively introduced throughout the world. In some cases, endoscopic ear surgery may result in a less invasive operation that can be performed entirely through the ear canal. The endoscope is one of two tools surgeons can use to see well during ear surgery. The other tool is a specialized microscope.
Microscopes have been used in otology for over seventy years. They make structures appear larger and have a very bright light. Surgical microscopes are large devices, weighing hundreds of pounds. The lens of the microscope needs to be about a foot away from the object (or target) the surgeon is looking at. As a result, other structures between the target and the lens can block the view. To overcome blocked views, surgeons sometimes need to make a larger incision (for example behind the ear canal) or drill away bone.
An endoscope is another type of device that can help surgeons see during surgery. It is shaped like a narrow tube and the lens is at the tip. The lens can be placed extremely close to the target, less than half an inch (or thirty times closer than with the microscope). This allows a very detailed view. Because the endoscope is so narrow, it can be slid past blocking structures. The endoscope also provides a wide panoramic view, whereas the microscope provides a narrower view.
Despite all the advantages and disadvantages, endoscopy is a new technology for surgical interventions, which is actively developing around the world. The German company MGB is actively working to create high-quality optics with a minimum diameter of the optical tube. A wide range of video lenses and a powerful light source help to accurately visualize the place of intervention. Choosing the endoscopic equipment of the MGB company, you choose the quality and reliability confirmed by more than 100 years of experience.
Cleaning and disinfection of ultrasonic transducers is a thorough and very important process in the operation of an ultrasonic device. So, in today's realities, in the context of the global outbreak of COVID-19, this process must be treated with extreme caution and response.
All ALPINION transducers require gentle care, cleaning and use. Extended manufacturer's recommendations are at the user manual, but we briefly recall the main thing.
This information is intended to increase user awareness of the risks of disease transmission associated with using this equipment and provide guidance in making decisions directly affecting the safety of the patient as well as the equipment user.
Diagnostic ultrasound systems utilize ultrasound energy that must be coupled to the patient by direct physical contact. Depending on the type of examination, this contact occurs with a variety of tissues ranging from intact skin in a routine exam to recirculating blood in a surgical procedure. The level of risk of infection varies greatly with the type of contact. One of the most effective ways to prevent transmission between patients is with single use or disposable devices. However, ultrasound transducers are complex and expensive devices that must be reused between patients. It is very important, therefore, to minimize the risk of disease transmission by using barriers and through proper processing between patients.
Using an inappropriate cleaning or disinfecting agent may damage the product. Cleaning products should be as close to neutral pH as possible. Any gel, cleaning or disinfectant products containing surfactants, methanol, ethanol, benzyl or methyl alcohol, bleach, methyl or ethyl paraben, polyethylene glycol, mineral oil, lubricant oil, oil based lotions, acetone, ammonia, anhydrous ammonia, iodine, iodine compounds, acids with pH5 or greater may damage or discolor your transducer.
To view recommended products from the manufacturer, see the table “Transducer Disinfectant Material Compatibility Table” list of approved products for cleaning and disinfecting ALPINION ultrasonic transducers.
What is the cleaning, disinfection and sterilization of ultrasound equipment?
Cleaning, disinfection and sterilization is a statistical decrease in the number of microbes on the surface, rather than their complete removal. As defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [1]:
Cleaning is the removal of visible soil (eg, organic and inorganic material) from objects and surfaces and normally is accomplished manually or mechanically using water with detergents or enzymatic products.
Thorough cleaning is essential before high-level disinfection and sterilization because inorganic and organic material that remains on the surfaces of instruments interfere with the effectiveness of these processes.
Meticulous cleaning of the instrument is the key to an initial reduction of the microbial/organic load by at least 99%.1 This cleaning is followed by a disinfecting procedure to ensure a high degree of protection from infectious disease transmission, even if a disposable barrier covers the instrument during use.
The American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine [2] and the CDC describe several levels of disinfection and sterilization:
Disinfection describes a process that eliminates many or all pathogenic microorganisms, except bacterial spores.
Low-Level Disinfection — destruction of most bacteria, some viruses, and some fungi. Low-level disinfection will not necessarily inactivate Mycobacterium tuberculosis or bacterial spores.
Mid-Level Disinfection — inactivation of M Tuberculosis, bacteria, most viruses, most fungi, and some bacterial spores.
High-Level Disinfection — destruction/removal of all microorganisms except bacterial spores.
Sterilization describes a process that destroys or eliminates all forms of microbial life and is carried out in healthcare facilities by physical or chemical methods. High-level sterilizers and disinfectants recommended by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) [3] are listed in the table.
Sterilants and High-Level Disinfectants Listed by the FDA
| Name | Composition | Action |
| Glutaraldehyde | Organic compound (CH2(CH2CHO)2) | Induces cell death by cross-linking cellular proteins; usually used alone or mixed with formaldehyde |
| Hydrogen peroxide | Inorganic compound (H2O2) | Antiseptic and antibacterial; a very strong oxidizer with oxidation potential of 1.8 V |
| Peracetic acid | Organic compound (CH3CO3H) | Antimicrobial agent (high oxidation potential) |
| Ortho-phthalaldehyde | Organic compound (C6H4(CHO)2) | Strong binding to outer cell wall of contaminant organisms |
| Hypochlorite/hypochlorous acid | Inorganic compound (HClO) | Myeloperoxidase-mediated peroxidation of chloride ions |
| Phenol/phenolate | Organic compound (C6H5OH) | Antiseptic |
| Hibidil | Chlorhexidine gluconate (C22H30Cl2N10) | Chemical antiseptic |
Step 1: Cleaning the transducer
Cleaning is an important procedure that is carried out before disinfecting the transducer. The transducer must be cleaned after each use.
1) Disconnect the transducer from the system.
2) Moisten a clean gauze pad with purified water and wipe the transducer to remove any gel or particles remaining on the transducer. If purified water is not effective, then you can use an approved pre-cleaner or low-level disinfectant (more here).
3) Carefully wipe the entire transducer, including the cable and connector. When cleaning the connector, do not allow any type of fluid to enter through the connector strain relief, electrical contacts or areas surrounding the locking-lever shaft and the strain relief.
4) To remove remaining particulate and cleaning residue, use cleaning wipes according to the manufacturers’ instructions, or rinse thoroughly with water up to the immersion point. Do not immerse the connector, connector strain relief, or cable that is within 5 cm of the connector strain relief.
5) Dry the transducer using a sterile cloth or gauze after rinsing. Do not dry the transducer by heating it.
6) Examine the housing, strain relief, lens and seal for damage, and check for any functional problem. If any damage is found, do not use a transducer and contact your ALPINION MEDICAL service engineer or an authorized agent.
Step 2: Disinfecting the transducer
To disinfect or high-level disinfect a transducer.
1) Disconnect the transducer from the system.
2) Thoroughly clean, rinse, and dry the transducer.
3) After cleaning, choose a high-level disinfection solution compatible with your transducer. If a pre-mixed solution is used, be sure to observe the solution expiration date.
4) Disinfect or high-level disinfect the transducer by following the disinfection method recommended by the disinfection solution manufacturer (more here).
5) Rinse the transducer with plenty of sterile water to remove all chemical residues on it. Or follow the rinsing method recommended by the disinfectant manufacturer to rinse the transducer.
6) Wipe off the water on the transducer with sterile cloth or gauze after rinsing it. Do not dry the transducer by heating.
7) Examine the housing, strain relief, lens and seal for damage, and check for any functional problem. If any damage is found, do not use a transducer and contact your ALPINION MEDICAL service engineer or an authorized agent.
Step 3: Sterilizing the transducer
Sterilization of endocavity transducers may be required in some countries. Alpinion Medical Systems’ endocavity transducers meet the relevant cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization requirements in accordance with provisions of the IEC 60529.
1) Before sterilization, the transducer must be cleaned. Thoroughly clean, rinse, and dry the transducer.
2) Choose a sterilization solution compatible with your transducer. For a list of approved sterilization solution (more here).
3) Sterilize the transducer by following the sterilization method recommended by the sterilization solution manufacturer.
4) Rinse the transducer with plenty of sterile water to remove all chemical residues on it. Or follow the rinsing method recommended by the sterilization solution manufacturer to rinse the transducer.
5) Wipe off the water on the transducer with sterile cloth or gauze after rinsing it. Do not dry the transducer by heating.
6) Examine the housing, strain relief, lens and seal for damage, and check for any functional problem. If any damage is found, do not.
Transducers immersion during cleaning,disinfection and sterilization
Transducers meet Ingress Protection IPX8 of EN 60529 and IEC 60529 tothe depth of the immersion line shown in the illustration only for transducerswith the “IPX8” symbol on the connector of the transducer/ 
Figure. IPX8 immersion level
Worthknowing
To avoid damage to the transducer,observe the immersion levels indicated for each transducer type. Transducerswith the protection level IPX8 are indicated by the presence of the “IPX8”symbol on the connector of the transducer. Test Standard of IPX8: Immersion for90 minutes at a depth of 1 meter.
Remember, the more carefully youtreat ultrasonic equipment, the longer it will work for you.
P.S. We recommend that you familiarize yourselfwith the statement of the Safety Committee of the World Federation of Ultrasound Diagnostics in Medicine and Biology (WFUMB) on safe ultrasound examination and clean equipment in the context of COVID-19.
Reference:
1. «Guideline for Disinfection and Sterilization inHealthcare Facilities», 2008. The site of the Center for Disease Control:http://www.cdc.gov/hicpac/pdf /guidelines/Disinfection_Nov_2008.pdf
2. AIUM: Guidelines for Cleaning and PreparingExternal- and Internal-Use Ultrasound Transducers Between Patients, SafeHandling, and Use of Ultrasound Coupling Gel. The site of the AIUM:www.aium.org/accreditation/Guidelines_Cleaning_Preparing.pdf
3. FDA-Cleared Sterilants and High Level Disinfectantswith General Claims for Processing Reusable Medical and Dental Devices. Thesite of the FDA:https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/reprocessing-reusable-medical-devices-information-manufacturers/fda-cleared-sterilants-and-high-level-disinfectants-general-claims-processing-reusable-medical-and
4. J.S. Abramowicz, J.M. Basseal, WFUMB PositionStatement: How toperform a safe ultrasound examination and clean equipment inthe context of COVID-19, Ultrasoundin Medicine and Biology (2020), doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.03.033
5. Abramowicz J.S., Basseal J. WFUMB PositionStatement: How to perform a safe ultrasound examination and clean equipment inthe context of COVID-19 (translation into Russian) // Ultrasound and FunctionalDiagnostics. 2020.No. 1. P. 12–23. DOI: 10.24835/1607-0771-2020-1-12-23. (Article in Russian)
For the safety of patients and healthcare providers fighting COVID-19, we provide the transducers cleaning & disinfection guideline. Please refer to the below and check the disinfectant material compatibility of your transducers.
Low-level disinfection
High-level disinfection
Do not dry the transducer by heating.
Download transducers disinfectant guide
Ultrasound diagnostics (USD) has become an integral part of modern medicine due to its high accuracy, safety and availability. This is an examination method that uses high-frequency ultrasound waves to create images of internal organs and tissues. Ultrasound is an extremely important tool for the diagnosis and monitoring of many diseases. Let's consider the advantages of this method in more detail.
Ultrasound examinations provide detailed images of internal organs, allowing doctors to accurately diagnose the disease. Eg:
Cardiology: Ultrasound of the heart (echocardiography) allows you to evaluate the structure and function of the heart, identify pathology of valves and other structures.
Gynecology and Obstetrics: Ultrasound is used to monitor fetal development, identify developmental abnormalities, and determine the condition of the uterus and ovaries.
Abdominal examinations: Ultrasound helps evaluate the condition of the liver, gallbladder, kidneys, pancreas, and other abdominal organs.
Thanks to high accuracy, doctors can quickly and correctly make a diagnosis, which significantly increases the effectiveness of treatment. Multifunctional ultrasound systems allow you to combine all types of examination in one device.
One of the main advantages of ultrasound is its safety. It does not use ionizing radiation like X-rays or CT scans, making it safe even for pregnant women and children. Other security aspects include:
No Harmful Effects: Ultrasound has no known harmful effects when used correctly.
Non-invasive: The examination is performed without entering the body, eliminating the risk of infections and complications associated with invasive procedures.
Speed: The ultrasound procedure takes little time and does not require special preparation of the patient.
One of the requirements of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM) is the mandatory display of thermal and mechanical indices of ultrasound examination, which increases the safety standards of conducting examinations on modern ultrasound machines.
Ultrasound is available to a wide range of patients due to the relatively low cost of equipment and procedure. This allows it to be used in various medical institutions, from large hospitals to private clinics. Benefits of accessibility include:
Cost-effective: Ultrasound is significantly less expensive than many other imaging modalities, making it accessible to patients of varying financial means.
Mobility: Modern ultrasound machines can be portable, which allows them to be used in emergency rooms or on-site medical examinations.
Wide Range of Applications: Ultrasound can be used to diagnose a variety of diseases in a variety of medical specialties, making it a versatile tool.
Today there is a wide range of ultrasound devices of different levels of expertise to suit any budget.
Ultrasound diagnostics is an indispensable tool of modern medicine due to its accuracy, safety and accessibility. It allows physicians to quickly and accurately diagnose disease, safely screen patients of all ages and health conditions, even at home, and is cost-effective and accessible to a wide range of patients. These advantages make ultrasound one of the most important diagnostic methods in modern medicine.
In modern medicine, artificial lung ventilation (ALV) devices play a crucial role in sustaining the lives of patients with various types of respiratory failure.
The basic operating principles of such devices are based on several key concepts and technologies that ensure effective and safe ventilation:
Positive Pressure Principle
The ALV device operates on the principle of creating positive pressure, which facilitates the entry of air or gas mixtures into the patient’s lungs. The device ensures that air enters the airways, preventing alveolar collapse and maintaining proper gas exchange.
Ventilation Based on Controlled Variables
Artificial lung ventilation devices use three key controlled variables that determine the ventilation modes: pressure-based ventilation, volume-based ventilation, and combined ventilation that integrates both approaches.
Pressure-Based Ventilation: In this mode, the device maintains a set level of pressure in the patient’s airways. This helps ensure proper alveolar expansion and adequate gas exchange, which is critical for patients with various respiratory pathologies. This approach helps to avoid excessive pressure on the lungs, which could lead to tissue damage.
Volume-Based Ventilation: This mode delivers a specified volume of air with each breath, allowing for control over ventilation parameters and ensuring stable gas exchange. This approach is particularly useful for patients who require maintaining a consistent tidal volume.
Combined Pressure and Volume-Based Ventilation (known as "PRVC - Pressure Regulated Volume Control"): This method combines the advantages of both previous approaches, allowing for simultaneous control of pressure and volume. It provides an adaptive approach to ventilation, where the device automatically adjusts parameters based on changes in the patient’s condition. With this mode, physicians can implement lung protection strategies, adjusting to the patient’s lung compliance with each breath, minimizing the risk of complications.
Flow Sensors
ALV devices utilize two main types of flow sensors—"Hot Wire" and "Different Pressure"—for accurate measurement of flow and pressure within the circuit.
Hot Wire Sensors, located inside the exhalation valve, operate by heating a wire and measuring temperature changes, which allows precise tracking of the gas mixture flow rate. This type of sensor provides stability and durability, which is crucial for high-quality respiratory support.
Different Pressure Sensors measure the pressure difference between two points in the respiratory circuit and are the most accurate among sensors. They can be installed either distally or proximally in the patient’s circuit, depending on the patient’s type.
To ensure optimal respiratory support conditions, ALV devices should offer the ability to select appropriate sensors depending on the patient’s type.
Modern artificial lung ventilation (ALV) devices utilize various functions and ventilation modes to provide optimal respiratory support:
Ventilation Modes: ALV systems offer a range of ventilation modes, including Continuous Mandatory Ventilation (CMV), Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (SIMV), and Spontaneous Ventilation (SPONT). This allows doctors to select the optimal mode according to the patient's needs, taking into account their clinical condition and the required level of respiratory support.
Ventilation Parameter Control: ALV devices continuously monitor key parameters such as airway pressure, tidal volume, respiratory rate, and more. These indicators allow physicians to adjust the ventilation mode to ensure optimal support.
Data Monitoring and Visualization: ALV devices are equipped with capabilities to display respiratory cycle graphs, trends, and color-coded signals on screens. This enables doctors to easily track respiratory dynamics and adjust ventilation parameters in real time. For example, graphical displays of spontaneous and mechanical breathing provide an accurate analysis of lung function.
Automatic Control: Modern ALV devices are equipped with automatic control functions, allowing the device to independently adapt to the changing respiratory conditions of the patient.
Safety and Accuracy: Critical aspects of safety include monitoring oxygen saturation (SpO2), volumetric capnography (VCO2), and sidestream capnography (etCO2), among other modern methods. These functions enable doctors to ensure proper oxygenation, prevent potential complications, and monitor changes in gas exchange.
Each artificial lung ventilation (ALV) system offers a range of unique features aimed at enhancing the efficiency of ventilation and ensuring comfort for both patients and medical staff. Of particular note are the ALV devices from Event Medical, designed to provide high-level support for patients weighing as little as 200 grams.
An important feature is the ability of these devices to operate both from a built-in turbine and from a centralized compressed air supply system or compressor, making them versatile for various medical settings.
Innovative approaches to patient monitoring have also become a significant part of these ALV systems. The primary objective is to implement protective ventilation strategies based on monitoring various critical indicators.
Monitoring "Driving Pressure" or real-time ventilation pressure, stress index (SI), and the impact of the ALV device on the patient optimally distributes the risk of lung injury caused by mechanical ventilation (known as Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury or VILI), such as volutrauma (lung damage due to excessive air volume) and barotrauma (damage due to excessive pressure).
A crucial aspect is the monitoring of esophageal pressure, which allows for the assessment of transpulmonary pressure and lung elasticity, key to ensuring safe ventilation.
One of the key advantages is the adaptive (intelligent) mode function, which automatically transitions from full ventilation support to spontaneous (assisted) ventilation with gradual reduction of mechanical aid from the device. This feature is particularly important in the process of weaning the patient off the ventilator.
Thanks to technological advancements, artificial lung ventilation devices are becoming increasingly accessible and safer. Today, there is a wide range of ALV systems, but the main feature is their versatility and comprehensive respiratory support, including both invasive and non-invasive ventilation for patients of all age groups.
Ultrasound diagnostics is one of the most important methods of medical imaging, widely used in gynecology. It allows doctors to obtain detailed information about the condition of internal organs and the structure of the female reproductive system without the need for surgical intervention. Ultrasound diagnostics in gynecology covers a wide range of applications, from routine examinations to assess overall health to specialized studies aimed at detecting pathologies such as:
Uterine fibroids: ultrasound helps determine the size, location, and number of fibroids, which is essential for treatment planning
Ovarian cysts: ultrasound diagnostics allow for distinguishing between functional cysts and pathological ones, such as dermoid or endometrioid cysts
Endometriosis: ultrasound can detect the presence of endometrioid cysts and lesions, aiding in the diagnosis and management of this chronic condition
Inflammatory processes: ultrasound helps detect inflammatory processes in the pelvis, such as salpingitis or pyosalpinx
Endometrial polyps: ultrasound examination helps identify polyps in the uterine cavity, which may cause abnormal uterine bleeding
Uterine anomalies: ultrasound is used to detect congenital anomalies of the uterus, such as a bicornuate uterus or a uterine septum
Uterine and ovarian cancer: ultrasound diagnostics help identify suspicious masses and determine their characteristics, important for the early detection of oncological diseases
Ectopic pregnancy: ultrasound is critical in detecting ectopic pregnancies, requiring immediate medical intervention
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): ultrasound examination helps detect characteristic changes in the ovaries associated with PCOS
In addition to detecting pathologies, ultrasound diagnostics are indispensable for monitoring treatment. It allows doctors to track changes during therapy, assess treatment effectiveness, and make timely adjustments.
The role of ultrasound diagnostics is especially significant in detecting pregnancy. Ultrasound is the primary method for confirming pregnancy and evaluating its development. In the early stages, ultrasound helps determine the implantation site of the embryo, detect ectopic pregnancy, and assess the fetal heartbeat, providing peace of mind for expectant mothers and ensuring timely medical intervention when necessary.
The advantages of ultrasound diagnostics in gynecology include the non-invasiveness of the method, safety, accessibility, and relative affordability, while offering high accuracy and speed. Ultrasound allows real-time monitoring of processes.
Modern ultrasound systems have significantly evolved with the introduction of advanced technologies that improve image quality and expand diagnostic capabilities. Ultrasound systems from Alpinion deserve special mention, utilizing cutting-edge innovations to ensure high precision and diagnostic informativeness:
Three-dimensional (3D) and four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound imaging allows for a more accurate assessment of anatomical structures, enabling detailed study of organs and tissues
Doppler imaging, including color, power, and pulse-wave Doppler, evaluates blood flow in vessels, crucial for diagnosing pregnancy complications such as placenta previa or fetal health assessment, as well as detecting vascular abnormalities and tumors
Elastography is an innovative technology that assesses tissue stiffness, useful for detecting and differentiating tumor formations, such as fibroids or malignant tumors, since different tissues have varying elasticity
Automated measurement systems significantly reduce human error and improve diagnostic accuracy. For example, algorithms for automatically measuring endometrial thickness, follicle size, fetal parameters, and more ensure consistent and accurate results
The use of high-frequency transducers provides high-resolution imaging, particularly important for examining small structures.
The integration of advanced technologies into modern ultrasound systems greatly enhances their diagnostic capabilities. These innovations enable doctors to obtain detailed and accurate images, which is key for early diagnosis, effective treatment, and monitoring of gynecological diseases and pregnancy. Thanks to these technologies, ultrasound diagnostics remain at the forefront of medical imaging, providing high-quality healthcare.
Technological progress is making ultrasound systems increasingly accessible. Today, a wide range of ultrasound machines with different levels of expertise are available to suit any budget.
Multiparametric Monitors: Your Comprehensive Patient Monitoring Solution.
Multiparametric patient monitors are indispensable tools in modern medicine, providing a comprehensive overview of vital functions. Infinium Medical's monitors, renowned for their accuracy and reliability, enable healthcare professionals to promptly assess patient conditions and respond to changes. These devices are particularly valuable in intensive care units, during surgeries, and in recovery rooms.
Particularly noteworthy are patient monitors from Infinium Medical, which are distinguished by high measurement accuracy and operational reliability. The innovative technologies incorporated into these devices ensure stable performance even in difficult clinical conditions, making them an indispensable choice for medical institutions that value quality and efficiency in monitoring.
One of the key features of modern multiparameter monitors is their modular design. It allows you to adapt the equipment to the specific needs of the patient or clinical situation, providing versatility and comprehensiveness in assessing the patient's condition.
Basic modules provide basic monitoring functions:
Electrocardiogram (ECG): assessment of cardiac activity, rhythm and conduction, identification of arrhythmias, ischemia and other pathologies
Non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP): regular blood pressure monitoring to assess hemodynamics
Blood oxygenation (saturation, SpO2): measuring the level of oxygen saturation in the blood, critical for patients with respiratory failure
Body temperature: allows timely detection of inflammatory processes or other pathological changes.
According to the availability of basic monitoring modules, continuous monitoring of blood pressure (AT or BP) is carried out, which helps to detect hypertension or hypotension in the early stages, the patient’s heart rhythm by measuring heart rate (HR) and the number of pulse waves (PR), monitoring. the patient's respiratory rate (RR or RR).
Modularity allows the integration of additional functions that increase diagnostic accuracy and simplify patient monitoring.
Invasive blood pressure monitoring (IBP) – provides accurate blood pressure measurements in critically ill patients
Lateral flow or volumetric capnography (EtCO2 and VCO2) – to assess ventilation by monitoring the level of carbon dioxide in the airways and measuring the concentration of CO2 in exhaled air
Blood gas analysis (Multi-gas) - helps evaluate acid-base balance, oxygen saturation and the concentration of anesthetics in the blood
Neuromonitoring – to monitor the functions of the central nervous system and monitor neuromuscular conduction and depth of anesthesia (DNA)
Hemodynamic monitoring - to analyze the cardiac output (CO), which reflects the efficiency of the heart and other circulatory parameters (for example, PiCCO technology)
Bispectral Index Monitoring (BIS): To monitor the depth of anesthesia and patient brain activity
Multiparameter monitors are distinguished by their ability to integrate data from various body systems to create a complete picture of the patient's condition. This allows you to:
Simultaneously assess the functions of the respiratory, cardiovascular, nervous and other systems
Identify relationships between changes in various indicators
Predict the development of critical conditions through analysis of dynamics
Use automatic alarm systems that inform about deterioration of the condition
Use automatic data analysis algorithms to quickly inform medical personnel caring for patients about critical changes.
As technology advances, multiparametric patient monitors have become an indispensable part of modern medicine. They not only enable timely detection of critical changes in bodily functions but also provide healthcare providers with tools to predict complications, especially in intensive care units, during surgeries, and in recovery. The integration of data from various bodily systems, coupled with automated data analysis algorithms, allows medical staff to gain a clear understanding of the patient's condition and make informed decisions in real-time. Thus, multiparametric monitors remain a cornerstone in enhancing the quality and safety of patient care.
In modern medicine, endoscopy plays a key role in providing quality and safe care to patients. In particular, in gynecology, it has become an indispensable tool for the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. With the help of endoscopic technologies, doctors can perform complex manipulations with less risk to the health of patients than with traditional open operations. The minimally invasive approach not only reduces the level of trauma, but also significantly reduces recovery time after surgical interventions.
Rigid endoscopy is a modern minimally invasive method based on the use of special optical equipment for visualization and manipulation of internal organs. This approach involves inserting a rigid endoscope through small surgical incisions or natural body openings, allowing clear images of organs and tissues to be captured on a monitor. In gynecology, endoscopy has opened new horizons for effective diagnosis and treatment, as it minimizes the need for traditional open surgery. The minimally invasive approach allows the intervention to be performed through small incisions, reducing the risk of complications. High-resolution optical systems provide detailed images of internal organs, which increases the accuracy of manipulations, and modern technologies, such as electrosurgery and lasers, allow complex operations to be performed with minimal trauma.
diagnosis of pathologies (endometriosis, fibroids, adhesions);
minimally invasive surgical treatment (removal of ovarian cysts, resection of fibroids, treatment of infertility);
assessment of the condition of the reproductive organs after treatment
The hysteroscope is also used to take a biopsy, material for histological studies, which makes it possible to accurately diagnose uterine cancer and other tumor diseases.
Endoscopic equipment used in gynecology consists of several key components that ensure the doctor’s effective work in diagnosis and treatment.
Light source: High quality xenon or LED lighting for clear visualization of anatomical structures
Camera: modern high-resolution cameras (FullHD or 4K) that transmit images to the monitor screen.
2-in-1 systems: Some modern models integrate a camera and light source in one compact unit, making the equipment more convenient and mobile.
Insufflator: A device that delivers carbon dioxide into the abdominal cavity to create a surgical space.
Irrigation pump: provides irrigation of the surgical field to improve visibility during intervention.
Electrosurgical unit: used to cut tissue and coagulate blood vessels, which minimizes bleeding.
In addition to the stand, the set of instruments used for endoscopic procedures is important:
Hysteroresectoscope: instruments for removing polyps, fibroids or other pathologies in the uterine cavity. They ensure precise manipulation and low trauma.
Flexible instruments: allow complex manipulations in hard-to-reach areas, such as in cases of endometriosis or adhesions.
Surgical forceps, scissors, clamps: specialized instruments for cutting, grasping and manipulating tissue during surgery.
Modern endoscopic equipment is constantly being improved, which allows doctors to work with maximum efficiency and provide patients with high-quality medical care.
Endoscopic treatment methods in gynecology include various types of interventions, which can be classified according to the type of instrument, technique and nature of the manipulation. These methods make it possible to effectively treat various diseases with minimal risk to the patient. Let's look at the most popular of them:
1. Laparoscopy is an endoscopic method used to examine the abdominal cavity and pelvic organs using a laparoscope. This method is the main one for the surgical treatment of gynecological diseases such as:
Endometriosis – using this method, endometrioid lesions are removed.
Uterine fibroids – allows you to remove small fibroids.
Ovarian cysts – laparoscopic removal of cysts makes it possible to save the ovaries, which is especially important for women planning a pregnancy.
Adhesions - in case of obstruction of the fallopian tubes or the presence of adhesions, laparoscopy allows them to be removed or eliminated, restoring the patency of the tubes.
2. Hysteroscopy is an endoscopic method for examining and treating diseases of the uterine cavity using a hysteroscope inserted through the cervical canal. This method is considered the main one for the treatment and diagnosis of uterine diseases:
Uterine polyps – allows you to accurately detect and remove uterine polyps with minimal trauma.
Uterine fibroids (small in size, localized on the mucous membrane) - the method makes it possible to perform resection of fibroids.
Congenital anomalies of the uterus - allows you to identify defects, such as uterine septum or bicornuum, and carry out correction.
Bleeding of unknown etiology - the method allows you to investigate the cause of bleeding and perform appropriate treatment.
Miscarriages - Hysteroscopy can be useful in diagnosing problems causing miscarriages, such as uterine abnormalities or hormonal imbalances.
3. Hysteroresectoscopy is a specialized form of hysteroscopy that allows for resection and removal of tumors in the uterine cavity, such as polyps, fibroids or adhesions. This is especially important for the treatment of precancerous changes and neoplasms:
Removal of large uterine polyps.
Resection of intrauterine fibroids.
Treatment of endometrial pathologies (for example hyperplasia).
5. Robotic surgical systems
Robotic surgery is a high-precision method that uses special robotic systems. They provide greater levels of precision, comfort and safety during surgery by integrating robotic arms that perform complex surgical procedures under the supervision of a surgeon. Modern robotic systems often include elements of artificial intelligence to optimize physician movements, improve accuracy, and reduce surgeon workload. The system also provides feedback on the condition of tissues during manipulation, which helps avoid damage to important structures.
Despite its many advantages, robotic surgery still remains inaccessible to a large number of the population due to its high cost, so traditional endoscopy methods do not lose their prevalence and relevance over the years.
Endoscopic treatment methods in gynecology have significantly improved the quality of medical care due to their minimally invasiveness, accuracy and rapid recovery after surgery. female patients.
Medical equipment plays a key role in the development of the healthcare system, ensuring a high level of diagnostic accuracy, treatment efficiency and patient safety. In the modern world, high-quality medical care is impossible without the use of innovative technologies that allow doctors to act faster, more accurately and efficiently. Their introduction into clinical practice helps to optimize medical processes, increase patient satisfaction and reduce risks to their health. In this article, we will look at how modern medical equipment affects the quality of care and treatment outcomes.
Modern medicine faces numerous challenges: an increase in the number of chronic diseases, an increase in demand for quality medical services and the need to reduce medical costs. Technological advances in medicine are addressing these challenges by offering innovative solutions for diagnosing, treating and monitoring patients. For example, the development of ultrasound systems, such as portable devices for rapid diagnostics in emergency medicine, makes it possible to obtain accurate images in the shortest possible time. X-ray machines equipped with digital detectors ensure minimal patient exposure to radiation and high image quality. Rigid endoscopy, used in minimally invasive surgery, is a prime example of the use of modern technology: it allows doctors to perform complex operations minimally invasively and with high precision, which reduces risks for patients and shortens the recovery period.
The latest medical equipment helps automate many processes, which reduces risk and absorbs the human factor in routine work. Digital platforms for collecting and analyzing health data allow doctors to make more informed decisions. For example, patient monitors integrate with electronic medical records, providing continuous, rapid access to information about a patient's condition. Modern ventilators are equipped with functions for automatically adjusting ventilation parameters in accordance with the patient’s condition and significantly minimize the influence of the human factor. Dental X-rays use automated algorithms to produce high-resolution images, reducing patient exposure and providing rapid analysis of results.
Ultrasounds, X-ray machines, dental X-rays and medical image monitors are key tools for diagnosing a wide range of diseases. Thanks to high-resolution images, the integration of artificial intelligence and automated analysis, they allow doctors to quickly and accurately detect pathologies, including the slightest changes, which significantly increases the chances of successful treatment.
These technologies help not only make accurate diagnoses, but also create personalized and effective treatment plans.
Investing in advanced medical equipment allows hospitals to significantly reduce operating costs and increase resource efficiency. Using detectors to create X-ray images and medical monitors to view these images helps analyze images quickly and accurately, reducing diagnostic time and reducing the number of repeat tests due to human error. This also reduces the burden on diagnostic departments and the need for consumables. The introduction of portable ultrasound systems allows diagnostics to be carried out directly at the patient’s home or in remote regions. This minimizes the need for patient transport, reduces hospital operating costs and optimizes resource allocation, ensuring access to care where it is needed.
Modern medical technologies are designed not only with medical needs in mind, but also with an emphasis on inclusivity and convenience for patients with different physical abilities. This helps improve the quality of medical care and accessibility for all categories of the population, regardless of their characteristics or limitations.
Many of the latest medical devices take into account the needs of people with disabilities to provide them with maximum comfort during examination and treatment. For example, the convenient design of dental X-ray machines allows patients in wheelchairs to easily approach the equipment, and the ability to change the height of the table deck of X-ray diagnostic systems allows for easy movement of patients with disabilities. Moreover, the convenience of modern devices is ensured not only by the physical characteristics of the equipment, but also by ergonomic aspects that allow doctors and healthcare workers to work more efficiently. Efficiency of data processing, ease of use of interfaces and setup of devices allows you to reduce the time for procedures and diagnostics, which is important for patients with different needs.
Modern medical equipment is critical to improve the quality of healthcare services, providing accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. Innovative technologies not only reduce risk for patients, but also optimize medical processes, reducing costs. They help improve access to health care, especially for people with disabilities. Investments in such technologies improve hospital efficiency and lead to better patient outcomes.
Dermatoscopy is a modern method of examining the skin, which has become an integral part of the diagnosis of dermatological diseases. The use of dermatoscopes allows doctors to accurately assess the structure of skin formations, which significantly increases the accuracy of the diagnosis.
Dermatoscopes operate using advanced technologies that provide in-depth visual analysis of skin formations. Their work is based on three key elements: a light source, an optical system and specialized filters.
1. Light source
Dermatoscopes use powerful and uniform lighting, in particular LED light sources of different placement geometries, minimizing glare on the skin and ensuring deep penetration of light into the layers of the skin. This produces clear, detailed images that help doctors identify minute changes in skin structures.
2. Optical system
Multilayer optics provide 10-20x magnification, allowing doctors to examine structures invisible to the naked eye. This is critical for the analysis of pigment networks, vascular structures and marginal changes in skin formations.
3. Polarizing filters and contact plates
Polarized light helps doctors avoid glare and analyze deeper layers of the epidermis. Previously, for visualization in polarized mode, a special immersion liquid had to be applied to the skin, however, over time and the technological process, the need for this disappeared, and modern dermatoscopes already have a polarized examination mode in their functionality. The use of contact strips allows the clinician to examine the skin consistently and safely, reducing the risk of spreading infections, especially with non-contact examinations.
A dermatoscope significantly expands the possibilities for diagnosing skin diseases.
1. Detection of melanoma and other malignant neoplasms
Using polarized light technology and high resolution, dermatoscopes help identify asymmetries, color irregularities and structural changes characteristic of melanoma in the early stages.
2. Assessment of benign formations
Dermatoscopes allow physicians to confidently diagnose nevi, keratomas, papillomas and other benign lesions, reducing the need for biopsy.
3. Monitoring the dynamics of changes
Digital documentation adapters allow you to capture high-quality images on mobile devices or DSLR cameras, allowing you to track changes in formations over time.
4. Study of vascular formations
Using dermatoscopes, doctors can study the capillary network, detecting pathologies such as hemangiomas, telangiectasias and other vascular abnormalities.
5. Diagnosis of skin diseases
Dermatoscopy is effective in identifying conditions such as psoriasis, eczema, or fungal infections because of its ability to evaluate the structure of the superficial layers of the skin.
6. Risk forecasting
Thanks to the capabilities of analyzing structures and dynamics, dermatoscopy helps determine the likelihood of transformation of benign formations into malignant ones.
Combined with the doctor’s experience and modern technologies, dermatoscopy becomes one of the most effective non-invasive diagnostic methods in modern medicine. Modern dermatoscopes support integration with digital devices and applications (smartphones, cameras, etc.) to save images and monitor changes over time. The direction of establishing diagnoses based on the introduction of artificial intelligence is now developing.
Heine Optotechnik is a pioneer in creating the first dermatoscope. In 1989, the company introduced the world's first dermatoscope, DELTA 10, which became a real revolution in dermatology. This device provided magnification of up to 10 times without distortion, which significantly increased the accuracy of dermatological examinations of the time. Since the founding of the company in 1946, it has taken a leading position in the production of medical optics. Since then, HEINE Optotechnik has continued to innovate in the field of dermatoscopy, developing new models such as the DELTAOne, DELTA 30, DELTA 30 PRO, the classic DELTA 20T and the pocket-sized, quick-diagnosis mini 3000 LED.
With a constant commitment to improvement and innovation, HEINE Optotechnik remains at the forefront of medical technology, providing doctors and patients with high-quality and effective skin care tools.
One of the latest innovations from HEINE Optotechnik is colorSHIFT technology, which provides four levels of lighting color temperature:
1. Neutral Warm White (5300K): Highlights vascular structures, which is especially useful when studying vascular lesions such as hemangioma or telangiectasia.
2. Neutral Cool White (6500K): Provides natural light to accurately evaluate the pigmentation of skin lesions such as nevi or age spots.
3. Cool White (8300K): Helps analyze the surface structures of the skin in detail, which is useful when studying surface changes or monitoring the dynamics of skin conditions.
4. Blue Cool White (11000 K): Suitable for specialized studies where increased contrast of certain skin structures is required.
Thanks to colorSHIFT technology, doctors can optimize lighting for each specific case, which significantly expands the capabilities of dermatoscopy and increases diagnostic accuracy.
The new HEINE DELTA 30 PRO is equipped with advanced HEINE LED HQ technology, which features a unique LED geometry. Thanks to this, light penetrates into the deeper layers of the skin, forming a three-dimensional 3D image.
Accessories for dermatoscopes
Accessories for dermatoscopes play a key role in ensuring diagnostic accuracy, ease of use and expanding the functionality of devices. A modern arsenal of additional tools allows doctors to carry out diagnostics even in difficult conditions, adapting the technique to the individual needs of patients. Main types of accessories include:
• Smartphone adapters: These allow doctors to capture high-quality images of skin lesions, making it easier to document and monitor changes over time. The adapters are compatible with most modern phones and provide ease of use due to ease of installation and configuration. Such adapters allow doctors to conduct examinations and store images directly on a smartphone, which increases efficiency and ease of access to information.
For example, a universal adapter for a smartphone, compatible with different phone models, allows you to quickly and conveniently connect a dermatoscope to the device, providing high-quality images for further analysis and storage.
• DSLR Camera Adapters: Provides the most accurate, high-resolution photography of skin lesions, ideal for documenting and monitoring changes in skin lesions over time. They provide detailed images that can be stored and compared, which is important for assessing the effectiveness of treatment and identifying potential changes in the skin.
Therefore, it is undeniable that dermatoscopy is a modern, non-invasive method for early detection and monitoring of the skin, which significantly increases the accuracy of diagnosing dermatological and oncological diseases. The use of dermatoscopes allows doctors to evaluate structural changes in detail and identify malignant neoplasms in the early stages.
Modern technologies, such as powerful lighting with a specialized position of each LED, high-quality optics with the possibility of polarized examination, as well as a different arsenal of accessories for deep skin analysis, expand the capabilities of dermatoscopes, making them an indispensable tool in medical practice.
Regular-grade displays are designed for use in our daily lives and standard office environments, in other words, for activities that do not require the best visual capabilities and high levels of detail.
Medical monitors are specifically designed for diagnostic and clinical needs and their advantages are obvious compared to conventional office displays. They provide accuracy, consistency and high image quality, which is important for diagnostic accuracy. Let's look at the key advantages of medical monitors.
The job of medical professionals, particularly radiologists, is to be able to detect tiny details that go unnoticed on regular office monitors. Accurate interpretation of these details is key to the further progress of the diagnosis. Errors in interpretation can lead to a false diagnosis and serious consequences for the patient's health. Office monitors do not provide the required accuracy and detail for medical tasks. Medical monitors guarantee high image quality, which is critical for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.
2. Wide range of colors
Medical monitors are capable of displaying up to 1 billion colors, compared to 16 million in typical office displays. With the development of technology, this difference is sure to become even greater. This wide range of colors allows even the smallest gradations to be accurately reproduced, which is critical for medical image analysis, particularly in areas such as MRI, CT and ultrasound. Thanks to this, doctors can more accurately identify pathological changes, which improves the quality of diagnosis.
3. High resolution
Medical monitors are classified by resolution (in megapixels, MP): 2MP, 3MP, 5MP and higher:
2MP (1920x1200 or 1600x1200 pixels) – suitable for general visualization.
3MP (2048x1536 pixels) – often used for CT and MRI.
5MP (2560x2048 pixels) - optimal for mammography, where maximum detail is important.
8MP (3840 x 2160 pixels), 12MP (4200x2800 pixels) – provide multimodal visualization on one screen.
This high resolution eliminates the need to zoom or pan the image, saving time and reducing eye strain for clinicians.
4. Brightness
Medical monitors provide brightness in the range from 600 to 3000 cd/m2, which is several times higher than that of office monitors (usually about 300 cd/m2). High brightness is critical for accurately recognizing image detail, especially in bright lighting conditions. In addition, medical monitors maintain brightness stability throughout their entire lifespan, ensuring consistently high visual quality.
5. Contrast
The contrast ratio of medical monitors reaches 2000:1, which is critical for accurately identifying anomalies and working with shades of gray. This high level of contrast makes it possible to clearly distinguish even the smallest details in medical images, which is especially important for diagnostic radiology, mammography and CT. In comparison, office monitors have a contrast ratio of only 500:1–700:1, which significantly limits their use for medical purposes.
6. Image uniformity
Medical monitors provide uniform brightness and accurate color reproduction across the entire screen area (LUT technology). This guarantees high image quality regardless of their location, which is a key factor for accurate diagnosis. These monitors are available in two versions:
Monochrome monitors provide higher contrast and grayscale detail. This makes them ideal for mammography and radiography, where clarity of the smallest details is critical.
Color monitors are used for multimodal examinations such as CT, MRI and ultrasound, where a wide range of colors helps accurately analyze medical images.
The choice between a monochrome and color monitor depends on the specifics of the research, but both options provide image uniformity, which is a necessary condition for high-quality diagnostics.
Medical monitors are equipped with sensors that ensure image stability and accuracy:
Front sensor: Provides auto-calibration of brightness and color according to DICOM standards.
Ambient Light Sensor: Compensates for changes in ambient light levels for optimal visualization.
Human Presence Sensor: Puts the monitor into power saving mode when the user is away and automatically turns on when returning.
Conventional monitors do not have integrated sensors, especially the front sensor for auto-brightness calibration. In addition, their brightness decreases by 30% after the first year of use and can drop by up to 50% during the second year. This creates uncertainty about the authenticity of the image displayed on a regular monitor.
8. Compliance with medical standards
Conventional office monitors do not meet the DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) medical standard for brightness and contrast. They are not equipped with the necessary tools to properly view medical images, leaving users in the medical environment to manually calibrate monitors and frequently check their status. This may cause important details to be lost in images.
Medical monitors are automatically calibrated to the DICOM standard thanks to built-in sensors, ensuring accurate and stable images. Additionally, these monitors can store and track calibration measurements throughout their lifetime, ensuring long-term accuracy and reliability.
9. Durability and long warranty period from the manufacturer
Medical monitors have a much longer lifespan than office displays. Typically, these monitors come with a warranty of up to 5 years, which ensures that key parameters such as brightness, contrast and image uniformity are maintained throughout their lifespan.
JVC is the world's leading medical monitor market with 50 years of experience. The Japanese company, known for its innovative solutions, is constantly improving the technologies introduced into medical monitors to meet the needs of modern medicine. Some of them:
Unique Dynamic Gamma technology automatically analyzes each pixel of the image, determining its type and displaying it in optimal quality. If the image is monochrome (black and white - X-ray, mammography, B-mode ultrasound, CT, MRI), it is displayed with DICOM calibration, which ensures accurate grayscale reproduction. If the image is in color (pathology, histology, CT or MRI reconstruction), Gamma 2.2 calibration is used - the optimal standard for transmitting color images.
The patented ISD - Independent Sub Pixel Drive feature uses a unique approach to pixel construction. Each pixel consists of three subpixels, which on color monitors correspond to the RGB principle (red, green, blue). With this technology, JVC optimizes the use of subpixels, increasing the monitor resolution by three times. For example, a 3 MP monitor increases its resolution to 9 MP, and a 5 MP monitor to 15 MP, providing extreme detail and clarity in images.
Uniquely designed dual monitor bracket. A special bracket designed to simultaneously accommodate two monitors. Thanks to integration with Daisy Chain technology, the bracket optimizes the working space, ensuring the convenience of the doctor's work. Placing two monitors side by side, especially 5 MP models, greatly improves the ability to visualize the breast. This allows for a 2x5 MP or 10 MP equivalent diagnostic configuration, expanding the potential for accurate image analysis.
Medical monitors are a tool that ensures diagnostic accuracy, durability and compliance with medical standards. They are essential for clinical and diagnostic needs where image quality is critical for diagnosing medical images of different modalities.
X-ray diagnostic systems provide high accuracy and efficiency in diagnosing a wide range of diseases. Their use covers various fields of medicine - from traumatology and orthopedics to oncology and dentistry. Today, there are several types of X-ray diagnostic systems, including traditional analog machines, digital X-ray systems for radiography and fluoroscopy, as well as specialized devices such as computed tomography (CT) scanners and mobile X-ray units. The widespread adoption of these systems is due to their ability to quickly produce high-quality images, allowing physicians to make informed treatment decisions. At the same time, technological developments are helping to improve diagnostic accuracy, reduce radiation exposure, and expand access to quality medical care.
In addition, the convenience and ergonomics of these systems are also very important, because they have a direct impact on the efficiency of medical staff and the comfort of patients. The article discusses important aspects of ergonomics of various types of x-ray equipment, such as fixed two- and three-station systems, C-arms, portable x-ray machines and mammographs. Particular attention is paid to the functionality and adaptability of these devices to the needs of users.
Stationary x-ray diagnostic systems for 2 workstations are widely used in medical institutions for radiographic examinations. The introduction of modern ergonomic solutions makes it possible to provide more comfortable conditions for medical personnel and the procedure for conducting examinations with minimal discomfort for the patient.
Modern ergonomic advantages:
1. Motorized column movements: Using a column with motorized movements to move the tube allows for easy and precise position changes without physical effort on the part of the operator. This reduces setup time and improves positioning accuracy
2. Auto-positioning and auto-tracking: X-ray diagnostic systems with auto-positioning function automatically adjust the X-ray tube and detector in accordance with the selected type of examination. Auto-tracking allows the handset to automatically align with the detector, greatly simplifying the operator's work and minimizing errors
3. Changeable table deck height: the height-adjustable table provides additional convenience for patients with disabilities and optimal conditions for staff while working
4. Large size of the table deck: the wide table deck allows you to comfortably accommodate patients of any size and reduces the need to move them during the examination. It also improves the efficiency of medical staff
5. Digital Detector: Using digital detectors allows you to obtain high quality images with less radiation dose in a short time. In addition, it speeds up the process of data processing and image transfer to the PACS system
6. Touch interface on the collimator: integration of a touch display allows you to quickly control the focal length, tube angle and other parameters. This reduces setup time and improves positioning accuracy
7. Automatic stitching function: The stitching function combines multiple images into a single image, which is especially useful for examining large anatomical areas such as the spine or lower extremities.
X-ray diagnostic systems are designed for performing radiography and fluoroscopy; they are distinguished by a well-thought-out design and functionality, which ensures high efficiency of medical personnel and comfort for patients.
Modern ergonomic advantages:
1. Large size of the table deck: the spacious table deck provides comfortable placement for patients of different sizes and reduces the need to move them during the examination. This reduces the risk of patient injury and simplifies the work of staff
2. Table Deck Tilt ± 90 Degrees: The ability to tilt the table deck 90 degrees in any direction allows for a wide range of examinations, including real-time fluoroscopy. Deck inclination of +90° and -90° makes the system universal for any hospital room
3. Multiple screening grids with automatic change: Modern systems can be equipped with multiple screening grids that can be automatically changed depending on the type of examination. This ensures optimal image quality with minimal radiation dose to the patient
4. Dynamic Digital Flat Panel Detectors: The use of dynamic digital flat panel detectors provides high quality images with minimal radiation dose for both static and dynamic studies. This is especially important for fluoroscopy as it allows for real-time examination with maximum detail
5. Control Console: The system control console can be equipped with an intercom and a camera to monitor the patient during positioning. This makes it possible to fine-tune the system remotely, increasing the efficiency and speed of work of medical staff
C-arches are used primarily in surgery, orthopedics and interventional radiology. Their main feature is mobility and flexibility in use.
Ergonomic advantages of modern C-arches may include:
1. Compact and lightweight system: due to its compactness and low weight, the C-arch can be easily moved between operating rooms and other diagnostic rooms, which ensures its versatility and ease of use
2. Large free zone of the C-arch: C-arches with a wide free zone allow examination of patients of any size, as well as the use of the system in complex clinical situations
3. Easy movements: modern systems provide smooth and precise movements in all directions, allowing you to quickly and easily position equipment at the desired angle for examinations or procedures
4. Bi-directional laser locator: The integration of a bi-directional laser locator allows you to accurately determine the required aiming and positioning. This reduces setup time and operation time
5. Optional Viewing Station: The system can be equipped with a mobile station with monitor on the cart, providing improved examination visibility in any surgical setting.
Diagnostic room x-rays provide maximum mobility and convenience for performing diagnostic procedures directly in the patient's room. This is an ideal solution for mission-critical applications where speed and availability are key factors.
Ergonomic advantages:
1. Compact and mobile: Room systems have a compact design and are easy to move thanks to built-in wheels, allowing equipment to be quickly delivered to the patient
2. Built-in Battery Systems: Built-in battery systems make systems easier to move in healthcare settings and also allow the system to operate autonomously, allowing radiographic examinations to be performed even when electrical power is limited
3. Wireless Digital Detectors: The use of wireless detectors simplifies the imaging process and provides flexibility in positioning. It also minimizes the need for cables, which improves operational efficiency
4.Easy to operate: Intuitive interface and quick setup capabilities allow medical staff to perform procedures effectively even in difficult conditions
Modern mammographs are designed with maximum convenience for medical staff and patients in mind. Their ergonomic advantages improve diagnostic accuracy, examination comfort, and work efficiency.
Main ergonomic advantages:
1. Speed of examination: modern mammographs provide rapid acquisition of high-quality images, which significantly reduces the time a patient spends for examination. This improves comfort, especially for patients with high sensitivity to compression
2. C-arm movements: the ability to adjust the position of the C-arm over a wide range provides optimal access for different clinical cases
3. Determination of compression strength: modern systems automatically determine the optimal compression strength, which minimizes discomfort for patients and guarantees high image quality
4. Tomosynthesis and stereotactic biopsy: support for tomosynthesis technologies allows you to obtain section-by-slice images of the mammary glands for a more accurate diagnosis of tumors. The presence of a stereotactic biopsy function allows for accurate tissue sampling
5. Digital detectors: the use of digital detectors eliminates the need for additional digitizers, which speeds up the examination process and improves image accuracy
6. CAD systems: Integrated computer image analysis (CAD) systems can automatically identify suspicious areas, increasing diagnostic accuracy and making the doctor's work easier.
Modern X-ray systems demonstrate the integration of advanced technology and careful ergonomics, making them indispensable tools in providing quality health care. Their use allows not only to improve the level of diagnosis, but also to create convenient conditions for all participants in the medical process.
According to a 2018 study, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is diagnosed in 10% of all intensive care unit (ICU) patients and 23% of intubated patients, and the mortality rate remains high.
Lung-Protective Ventilation is a key strategy for ARDS to minimize ventilator-induced lung injury. It includes the use of small tidal volumes and control of ventilation pressure (Driving Pressure).
Ventilation pressure (∆P, Driving Pressure) is calculated as the difference between plateau pressure (Pplato) and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP).
The studies of Amato and colleagues have been instrumental in understanding the role of ventilation pressure as a key parameter for optimizing mechanical ventilation in patients with HRDS. They showed that high ventilation pressures are associated with increased mortality.
Ventilation pressure is an indicator of global lung stress, allowing ventilation parameters to be personalized:
Correction of tidal volume, (Vt) in accordance with the compliance of the lungs and chest
Estimation of the size of the aerated part of the lungs
The eVolution 3e ULTRA has built-in tools to automatically monitor and control ventilation pressure in real time. This allows medical personnel working with the device to quickly and without additional intervention control ventilation parameters.
Main functions:
Ventilation pressure monitoring (∆P value, Driving Pressure)
Alarms when safety limits are exceeded
Tool for setting safe ventilation pressure levels (Target Tool for all ventilation modes)
Color display of the Driving Pressure safety limit line (Target Driving Pressure Line tool) on the respiratory cycle graph to evaluate ventilation pressure dynamics (user defined)
Rigid endoscopy is an indispensable method for diagnosis and treatment in many branches of medicine, especially in pediatric surgery. It allows you to obtain a clear image of the child’s internal organs and perform minimally invasive surgical interventions with minimal tissue damage.
Since the anatomical features of children differ significantly from adults, endoscopes of smaller diameter and length (2.9 mm, 270 mm) are used in pediatric practice. This avoids unnecessary injury and makes it easier to access hard-to-reach areas. The reduced size of rigid endoscopes allows the method to be used even in newborns.
One of the key aspects of pediatric rigid endoscopy is the selection of the correct instruments. Traditionally, metal trocars are used to insert the endoscope and instruments, but in pediatric practice they have significant disadvantages due to their large weight: the risk of excessive pressure on the tissue; increased likelihood of injury. The optimal choice is carbon trocars. They have much less weight, which makes the procedure safer and reduces the load on the child’s tissues. Unlike plastic trocars, which are also lightweight, carbon trocars are reusable, autoclavable, and X-ray transparent, making them an indispensable tool during any C-arch endoscopy.
Pediatric laparoscopy also uses special instruments adapted to the anatomical features of the child’s body. The main difference from analogues is the smaller diameter and length of the tool. Standard laparoscopic instruments have a diameter of 5 mm/10 mm, while in pediatrics thinner ones with a diameter of 3 mm are used, which reduces the invasiveness of the procedure.
1. Rigid endoscopy helps to significantly reduce tissue trauma
Traditional open surgeries require large incisions, which results in more tissue damage and longer recovery times. Rigid endoscopy minimizes these risks through thin instruments and small punctures.
2. Helps prevent postoperative complications.
Compared with open surgery, endoscopic procedures reduce the risk of infection, adhesions, and bleeding.
3. After minimally invasive surgical interventions, patients’ recovery is much faster.
Because the procedure is less invasive, children return to normal life more quickly, reducing the need for long hospital stays.
4. Aesthetic result
Minimal incisions reduce scarring, which is especially important for younger patients.
5. Precision of manipulations
Modern endoscopic equipment allows the doctor to obtain high-quality images of internal organs in FullHD, 4K quality, which facilitates the precise performance of surgical procedures without unnecessary injuries.
6. Reduced pain
After traditional surgeries, children often experience severe pain, requiring the use of pain medications. Endoscopic techniques significantly reduce this discomfort.
Rigid endoscopy in pediatrics is a modern, effective and safe method of diagnosis and treatment, significantly improving the quality of medical care for children. The use of specialized pediatric instruments helps reduce risks and improve the accuracy of surgical procedures. Compared to traditional open surgery, endoscopic methods provide better results, minimize complications and significantly shorten the recovery period. However, to effectively use this technique, high-quality equipment and highly qualified physicians are required.
High precision and clarity of visualization are key factors for successful medical procedures. In areas such as dentistry, surgery, dermatology, ENT practice and veterinary medicine, doctors work with the smallest anatomical structures, where even the smallest error can affect the treatment outcome.
However, traditional methods of working without optical magnification are often accompanied by increased strain on the eyes, inaccuracy and discomfort due to forced tension in the muscles of the neck and back. Over time, this can lead to fatigue, errors and decreased efficiency.
The optimal solution is to use binocular loupes in combination with high-quality lighting. They significantly improve image detail, provide high precision and allow you to maintain an ergonomically correct posture, which reduces the physical strain on the doctor.
Modern binocular loupes adapt to the needs of the user and can be attached to a glasses frame or a helmet, providing maximum comfort at work.
When choosing binocular loupes, an important aspect is the ability to customize them for a specific user. This affects the comfort of work, ergonomics of the posture and the overall efficiency of the procedures.
There are two main types of loupes:
1. TTL loupes (Through-the-Lens) - an individual approach, but less flexibility
TTL loupes have a fixed design, since their optics are built directly into the lenses of the glasses and are adjusted to individual user parameters at the manufacturing stage. This ensures ideal centering of the optics and precise correspondence to the interpupillary distance for a specific user, without the need for additional adjustments.
However, due to this individuality, loupes cannot be adapted to another user, which can be a critical factor for public health institutions or clinics where the equipment is used by different specialists. In addition, if the interpupillary distance or working conditions change over time, TTL loupes cannot be adjusted - in this case, you will have to order a new pair.
2. Adjustable Binocular Loupes – Versatility and Comfort
Binocular loupes with adjustable interpupillary distance, such as HEINE HR and HRP, offer significantly greater flexibility in use.
Key benefits:
Versatility: Loupes are suitable for different users, as the interpupillary distance can be easily adjusted.
Adaptation to working conditions: The doctor can change the parameters depending on the type of procedure.
Ergonomics: Adjustable tilt angle reduces the strain on the neck and back, maintaining the correct posture.
Adjustable loupes allow you to maintain comfort and efficiency even during complex manipulations.
2. Key parameters for choosing the right binocular loupes.
When choosing binocular loupes to ensure effective work, two main factors must be taken into account: ergonomics and optical characteristics, they determine the comfort and efficiency of the doctor. These criteria include:
Magnification – the level of image detail.
Working distance – the optimal distance between the user’s eyes and the working area.
Angle of inclination and ergonomics – important for maintaining correct posture during work.
Optics and lighting quality – affects clarity, brightness and color accuracy.
2.1. Magnification
The most commonly used magnification is 2.5x. Lower magnification promotes better hand-eye coordination, and also provides a wider field of view and greater depth of field.
2.5x magnification is universal and is suitable for both beginners and experienced medical professionals. For those with more experience, it is recommended to use higher magnifications, in particular microsurgery.
The range of HEINE loupes ranges from 2.5x to 6x, which meets the needs of various medical fields, such as dentistry, surgery and other specialties where high accuracy and image detail are critical.
Table 1. Possible areas of application depending on the magnification of binocular loupes.
Specialization | Magnification | Possible areas of application |
ENT | 2.5x | Diagnosis and treatment of the ears and nose, such as procedures in the inner ear, sinuses |
Surgery | 2.5x, 3.5x, 4.0x | Plastic and reconstructive surgeries, transplantation, wound suturing, cardiac surgeries |
Microsurgery, neurosurgery | 4.0x, 6.0x | Delicate surgical procedures, such as operations on small vessels, nerve structures, or soft tissues |
Gynecology | 2.5x, 3.5x | Basic diagnostics and visualization of small details of the cervix, etc. |
4.0x, 6.0x | Surgical manipulations on small structures, such as laser therapy or removal of neoplasms, tissue biopsy | |
Ophthalmology | 2.5x | Plastic and reconstructive surgeries, such as blepharoplasty |
Dentistry | 2.5x | Restoration, implantology, periodontal surgical procedures, as well as during teeth cleaning |
3.5x, 4.0x | Detailed restorations, such as edge preparation in endodontics | |
6.0x | Endodontics, such as root canal treatment | |
Veterinary medicine | 2.5x | Oral cavity cleaning, urinary tract surgery |
2.2. Working distance and depth of focus
The term "working distance" means the distance from the eye to the working zone at which the image becomes clear (distance from the eye to the optimal working zone). For example, taller people who work standing need a greater working distance than someone who operates or conducts an examination while sitting.
The HEINE company offers an ideal working distance (x) for each application and user from 250 mm to 520 mm. The optimal working distance (x) does not depend on the size of the loupes, but on the physical parameters of the user and the type of procedure.
Depth of focus (y) is easily defined as the difference between the nearest and farthest distances at which the object remains in focus.
The advantage of HEINE magnifiers is a high focusing depth of up to 290 mm, which allows you to choose the most ergonomic working distance.
Working distance with HEINE binocular magnifiers: 340, 420 and 520 mm
2.3.1. Field of vision
HEINE magnifier systems have two key advantages: a large and balanced field of vision, as well as an optimal placement of the glasses in front of the eye. Folding systems of this type provide a wide field of view, while taking into account ergonomic requirements for comfortable work. This allows doctors to get a clear image without straining the eyes and neck.
2.1. Tilt angle and ergonomics
The deviation angle is the angle between the line of sight in the normal position of the eyes and the line of sight when the user lowers the eyes. It determines how steeply or gently the optics can be adjusted in use. The optimal angle is reached when the muscles of the neck and eyes are maximally relaxed, and the head, neck and back are in a straight position.
HEINE binocular magnifier systems provide maximum comfort through:
Adjustment of the angle of inclination: allows you to adjust the optics to a very steep or shallow angle, adapting it to the working needs of the user
Lightness of the design: dandruff and frames with coaxial LED lighting have a small weight, which reduces the load on the neck.
Ergonomic weight distribution: the S-shaped frame and the retaining cord evenly distribute the weight, which is important during prolonged use
Alternatively, if a headlamp is used, it must be aligned coaxially with the magnifiers, that is, their optics and light must be on the same axis relative to the field of view. This provides optimal illumination of the working area without shadows. HEINE magnifiers allow you to individually adjust the axis of the light flux in accordance with the axes of the magnifiers, which guarantees an ideal alignment of lighting in accordance with the user's preferences.
2.4. Quality of optics and lighting
2.4.1. Quality of optics
The choice of high-quality optics provides clear magnification without color distortions (rainbow effect).
HEINE HR — achromatic optics with high resolution and excellent optical properties.
HEINE HRP — prismatic optics with high resolution, provides magnification from 3.5x and the best image quality
HEINE magnifiers provide the brightest image among similar binocular models thanks to a special anti-reflective coating that reduces light reflection to 0.3%. This allows you to get extremely clear images and a wide depth of focus, ensuring optimal work without distortion even at the edges of the field of view.
2.4.2. Lighting quality
Illuminators for binocular magnifiers can be of different types, depending on the needs of the user:
Headlamps are attached to the helmet. They are usually used to provide direct and uniform illumination of the working area.
Frame-mounted illuminators are installed on magnifiers or on the frame, providing direct illumination of the inspection object.
Illuminators on the hoop - provide versatility in use and can be adjusted for optimal lighting.
High-quality LED sources provide the most natural color rendering, close to daylight. Cheap LEDs often have an excess of blue spectrum, which leads to color distortion.
Important parameters include:
Bright and uniform illumination of the entire working field without eclipses at the edges.
Clear, bright and uniform light without glare, excluding shadows and distortions.
Lighting quality, not just a high illuminance index (lux)
The correct arrangement of the light flux - the illumination must be perfectly aligned with the binocular magnifiers for maximum consistency.
Coaxial lighting ensures the absence of shadows, illuminating hard-to-reach areas, such as cavities, thanks to the parallel arrangement of the light beam of the visual axis. Thanks to the integration of the patented HEINE LEDHQ technology, 100% coaxial, white and uniform illumination is provided.
2.4.2.1. Variants of accumulators
Battery units with cable connection are usually used for magnifiers with illumination. The optimal choice is compact and light batteries that are conveniently worn on the body without restricting movement.
Main parameters:
Charge level indicator of autonomy control.
Brightness adjustment for precise lighting adjustment.
Ease of cleaning the battery.
Power sources for loupes with forehead lighting:
Battery packs on the belt are an economical option, increased mobility and comfort.
Wireless helmet solutions - maximum freedom of movement.
The convenience of helmet-mounted wireless batteries provide conditions for dynamic work without restrictions even in complex operations.
3. Auxiliary accessories for the convenience and efficiency of working with magnifiers
For the convenience and efficiency of working with binocular magnifiers and illuminators, there are a number of useful accessories. They allow you to configure the devices in accordance with the individual needs of the user and provide additional comfort during long procedures.
Table 2. Possible accessories for binocular magnifiers and illuminators
Accessory | Description |
Polarizing filters | Polarizing filters reduce glare, increase contrast, and enhance the visibility of veins, allowing for better visibility of the upper layers of the skin. They are optional extras for some models of loupes and headlamps, allowing for more precise and comfortable work during medical procedures. |
Yellow filters | The yellow filter reduces the amount of blue light, which can be useful in dentistry to prevent premature curing of composite materials exposed to light |
Sterilized removable levers | The levers allow the loupe to be raised without removing the entire frame (bar), allowing for a quick transition between magnification and normal view, for example during patient interaction. They are removable and minimize operator contact with the loupe, improving hygiene during procedures. |
Correction frames Clip-in | Clip-in corrective frames allow prescription glasses to be integrated into binocular magnifiers, which is especially useful for people with significant vision impairment. It is recommended to use corrective frames with glasses if there are serious vision problems |
Retaining cord for eyeglass frames | The fixation cord, which is attached to the temples and pulled up behind the head, helps distribute weight evenly, ensures a stable fit, and increases comfort while wearing. |
Therefore, the use of binocular loupes and illuminators in medical practice significantly improves the accuracy and efficiency of diagnostics. The choice of high-quality optics, for example, HEINE with achromatic lenses, guarantees a clear, bright image without color distortion, which is critically important in medicine and medical interventions.
Digital devices for radiography have significantly changed the approach to diagnostics in dentistry. Previously, x-ray images in dentistry were created with the help of traditional films, which required not only a long process of obtaining images, but also significant exposure of the patient. Dentists had to manually process the films, which took a lot of time and also required additional costs for materials. In addition, at that time there was a problem with the accuracy of images, because it was not always possible to obtain sufficiently clear images for a correct diagnosis.
Technologies have changed today. Digital x-ray devices allow you to get images instantly and with minimal exposure. Modern digital sensors have replaced films, and data can be stored electronically, which greatly facilitates access to them and increases the efficiency of dentists' work. Now it is possible not only to obtain high-quality images, but also to integrate them into electronic medical systems for faster and more accurate diagnostics.
Target radiography is a method that allows you to get a picture of one or several teeth, focusing attention on a specific problem area. This method is extremely important for accurate determination of tooth disease and the subsequent appointment of individual treatment. Modern aiming pictures are as safe as possible, since the dosage of X-ray radiation is minimal.
A panoramic image of the teeth (ortopantomogram) is one of the most popular radiography methods in dentistry, which allows you to get an image of the entire jaw. This method allows the dentist to assess the general condition of teeth, bone structures and soft tissues. For detailed study, the image is displayed on a computer monitor, where the dentist can enlarge the desired areas and examine them in more detail. Modern X-ray devices provide high-quality images that allow detecting even the smallest pathologies of the dentition in the early stages. This helps to start treatment in a timely manner and prevent the development of diseases.
Cone-beam computer tomography (CPCT) is the most modern method of radiography, which allows obtaining three-dimensional 3D images of the upper and lower jaw. The high accuracy of 3D images allows you to assess the course of treatment during dental implantation, aesthetic prosthetics, and bite correction. KPKT also makes it possible to accurately determine the structure and volume of bone tissue, which is critically important for successful implantation. Pictures allow you to clearly see the position of the mandibular nerve, which helps to avoid damage during operations. This method is also used to monitor the bite correction process, providing accurate prediction of treatment results.
Digital devices for radiography in dentistry have a number of significant advantages:
Reduced exposure. With the help of digital sensors, it is possible to obtain an image with a significantly lower dose of X-ray radiation.
Image processing speed. After the examination, the image appears on the screen almost instantly, which allows you to proceed to diagnostics.
High image quality. Digital technologies allow obtaining images with high resolution, which improves the accuracy of the diagnosis.
Ease of data storage and transfer. Digital images can be stored electronically, which facilitates archiving and access to the medical history.
Environmental friendliness. There is no need to use consumables, such as film, as well as chemicals for processing films. These factors reduce the negative impact on the environment.
Stationary devices for radiography are usually used in dental clinics with a large flow of patients. They provide high image quality and are used for a wide range of diagnostic tasks.
Advantages of stationary devices:
Reliability and stability of operation: these devices are designed for continuous operation, which makes them ideal for clinics with a large flow of patients.
Increased accuracy: thanks to the use of more complex and expensive components, stationary devices are able to provide higher accuracy of images.
A wide range of uses: they can be used for various types of examinations — from standard X-ray images to computer tomography or panoramic images.
Ease of maintenance: stationary devices usually require minimal maintenance.
However, stationary devices take up more space, and their installation requires special conditions, in particular to ensure safety from X-ray radiation.
Mobile x-ray machines are becoming more and more popular due to their convenience and the ability to conduct examinations directly in the offices. They are they are ideal for emergency situations or for clinics where high mobility and efficiency in conducting examinations are necessary.
Advantages of mobile X-ray machines:
Ease of transportation: this is an excellent solution for clinics with limited space.
Speed of installation: mobile devices can be quickly set up and start research without lengthy preparation.
Flexibility in use
Although mobile devices are convenient, they have limitations in the range of applications. They are mainly suitable for basic diagnostic studies and will be ineffective for complex examinations, for example, panoramic images or computer tomography. Therefore, stationary devices are used for more detailed or specific examinations.
Digital X-ray systems have significantly improved dentistry in diagnostics and treatment. The choice between stationary and mobile equipment depends on the specifics of the clinic and the needs of patients. It is important to carefully approach the choice of equipment to ensure the best quality of service and comfort for patients.
