The artificial lung ventilation (ALV) device is the main tool in stabilizing patients with acute or chronic forms of respiratory failure.
The ALV device is necessary in the following critical conditions:
• asthmatic status;
• severe pneumonia, including COVID-19;
• traumatic brain injury that disrupts the respiratory center;
• intoxications that suppress breathing;
• postoperative period, when the patient cannot breathe on their own;
• transportation of patients in critical condition
The main goal is to maintain gas exchange while the body recovers or receives the necessary therapy.
The artificial lung ventilation system provides forced supply of oxygen-air mixture to the patient's lungs. This can be done by creating positive pressure in the airways. Modern models allow you to adjust ventilation parameters individually: volume or pressure on inspiration, respiratory rate, inhalation and exhalation ratio, PEEP level, etc.
The main ventilation modes of the Event Medical device:
1. CMV or Continuous Mandatory Ventilation (the mode is usually used when the patient is almost unable to breathe on their own). This is a type of mechanical ventilation in which the patient receives constant breathing cycles, regardless of their own respiratory attempts. In this type, the device provides the patient with breathing using a programmed frequency of respiratory cycles and inspiratory volume (Tidal Volume), which do not change even if the patient tries to breathe on their own.
2. SIMV or Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (the mode is used when the patient actively tries to breathe on their own): This is a type of mechanical ventilation in which the device provides the patient with a certain number of forced breathing cycles (inhalations) at a certain time, but also allows the patient to breathe on their own between these cycles. In SIMV mode, the device synchronizes the forced breaths with the patient's respiratory attempts, which avoids unwanted overlapping of artificial breaths with the patient's attempts. This can be useful for maintaining breathing in patients who are partially capable of independent breathing but still require additional support.
3. PRVC-CMV is a continuous mandatory ventilation mode by pressure and volume. In this mode, all breaths (breathing cycles) are mandatory. The ventilator helps to provide inspiration in accordance with the set respiratory rate and in response to the patient's initiated effort (switches the expiratory phase to inspiration, as in any of the CMV modes). The continuous mandatory ventilation mode with adjustable pressure and volume control (PRVC-CMV) is used to achieve optimal ventilation of the patient by providing a controlled inspiratory volume at the minimum necessary pressure. The main goal of this mode is to ensure adequate gas exchange with minimal risk of lung injury, i.e. to protect the patient's lungs during ventilation.
4. PRVC-SIMV is a synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation mode by pressure and volume. PRVC-SIMV combines synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) with pressure-regulated volume control (PRVC) described earlier. This mode provides both mandatory and spontaneous breaths, making it flexible and adaptable to a variety of clinical situations. (Similar to other SIMV modes, mandatory breaths are controlled by a set volume to be achieved (target) (VT – tidal volume), and spontaneous breaths are provided by support pressure (Psupport).
5. CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) provides constant positive airway pressure (PEEP) in the airways throughout the entire respiratory cycle (inhalation and exhalation). The patient breathes on their own, but the machine maintains a stable pressure, which helps keep the airways open. This helps prevent airway obstruction (airways become partially or completely blocked), especially during sleep. It is often used to treat sleep apnea (a disorder in which a person’s breathing periodically stops during sleep).
6. SPAP (Spontaneous Positive Airway Pressure) is often used as a general term for ventilation modes that maintain positive airway pressure (PEEP) during the patient’s spontaneous breathing. This includes modes such as BiPAP (Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure), where there are two pressure levels. That is, SPAP = CPAP (equivalent to APRV (CareFusion) and BiLevel (Covidien) (in other ventilators)). SPAP maintains positive airway pressure during inhalation and exhalation, but the pressure can change depending on the phase of breathing (inhalation or exhalation). Provides more comfortable breathing, since the pressure during exhalation is usually lower than during inhalation, which makes exhalation easier. Often used for i treatment of patients with more severe respiratory disorders or for those who experience breathing problems even at rest.
Monitoring and visualization of data - graphical display of ventilation parameters allows doctors to track the dynamics of the patient's breathing and adjust treatment in real time.
Automatic control - modern ventilators are able to automatically adapt to changing conditions, providing accurate respiratory support in conditions of patient instability.
Safety monitoring - built-in sensors for monitoring saturation (SpO2), capnography and ventilation pressure help reduce the risk of complications such as barotrauma and volutrauma.
Modern solutions from Event Medical
Event Medical offers respiratory systems for different levels of medical practice. The devices of this brand are noted for:
• high level of autonomy - long-term operation without connection to the power grid;
• simple interface providing quick input and control of parameters;
• flexibility of ventilation modes - from basic to adaptive with pressure and volume support.
In intensive care practice, artificial lung ventilation is a decisive factor in the survival of patients with severe respiratory failure. High-tech solutions, in particular from Event Medical, allow for the most effective adaptation of artificial lung ventilation to the needs of a specific clinical case.
